THE ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN NEGATIVE PARENTING PRACTICES BY FATHERS AND MOTHERS AND LEARNING BURNOUT IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18173/2354-1075.2026-0076Keywords:
learning burnout, emotional exhaustion, cynicism, psychological control, physical punishment, negative parenting, high school students, Job Demands–Resources model, Attachment TheoryAbstract
Learning burnout in high school students has become a growing concern, yet research identifying its risk factors remains limited. The present study examined the roles of paternal and maternal psychological control and physical punishment in predicting emotional exhaustion and cynicism in high school students. The sample consisted of 596 students (56.4% female; Mage = 16.4, SD = 0.45). Hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses indicated that maternal psychological control significantly predicted emotional exhaustion (β = 0.19, p < 0.001) and cynicism (β = 0.16, p < 0.01), whereas paternal parenting practices and maternal physical punishment did not significantly predict either burnout component. These findings highlight the potential influence of maternal psychological control on learning burnout and underscore the importance of incorporating school-related factors in future research.
Downloads
References
- Bakker, A. B., & De Vries, J. D. (2021). Job demands-resources theory and self-regulation: New explanations and remedies for job burnout. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 34(1), 1–21.
- Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands-resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273.
- Beliveau, L. E., Iselin, A. M. R., Decoster, J., & Boyer, M. A. (2023). A meta-analysis relating parental psychological control with emotion regulation in youth. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32(12), 3876–3891.
- Bosmans, G., Braet, C., Beyers, W., Van Leeuwen, K., & Van Vlierberghe, L. (2011). Parents' power assertive discipline and internalizing problems in adolescents: The role of attachment. Parenting: Science and Practice, 11(1), 34–55.
- Bowlby, J. (1969). Attachment and loss. Random House.
- Brenning, K. M., Soenens, B., Braet, C., & Bosmans, G. (2012). Attachment and depressive symptoms in middle childhood and early adolescence: Testing the validity of the emotion regulation model of attachment. Personal Relationships, 19(3), 445–464.
- Bronfenbrenner, U. (2000). Ecological systems theory. In A. E. Kazdin (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Psychology (Vol. 3, pp. 129–133). Oxford University Press.
- Bronstein, P. (1984). Differences in mothers' and fathers' behaviors toward children: A cross-cultural comparison. Developmental Psychology, 20(6), 995.
- Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Routledge.
- Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.
- Herd, T., Brieant, A., King-Casas, B., & Kim-Spoon, J. (2022). Associations between developmental patterns of negative parenting and emotion regulation development across adolescence. Emotion, 22(2), 270.
- Herrmann, J., Koeppen, K., & Kessels, U. (2019). Do girls take school too seriously? Investigating gender differences in school burnout from a self-worth perspective. Learning and Individual Differences, 69, 150–161.
- Lee, J., Puig, A., Lea, E., & Lee, S. M. (2013). Age-related differences in academic burnout of Korean adolescents. Psychology in the Schools, 50(10), 1015–1031.
- Manuele, S. J., Yap, M. B. H., Lin, S. C., Pozzi, E., & Whittle, S. (2023). Associations between paternal versus maternal parenting behaviors and child and adolescent internalizing problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 105, 102339.
- Schaufeli, W. B., Martinez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in university students: A cross-national study. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481.
- Skinner, E., Johnson, S., & Snyder, T. (2005). Six dimensions of parenting: A motivational model. Parenting: Science and Practice, 5(2), 175–235.
- Salmela-Aro, K., & Tynkkynen, L. (2012). Gendered pathways in school burnout among adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 35(4), 929–939.
- Van Heel, M., Vu, B. T., Bosmans, G., Petry, K., Hoang, D. T., & Van Leeuwen, K. (2019). Parenting practices in Vietnam: An investigation of the psychometric properties of the PBS-S and PCS. Child & Youth Care Forum, 48, 111–125.
- Van Leeuwen, K., & Vermulst, A. A. (2004). Some psychometric properties of the Ghent Parental Behavior Scale1. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 20(4), 283–298.
- Vu, B. T., & Bosmans, G. (2021). Psychological impact of COVID-19 anxiety on learning burnout in Vietnamese students. School Psychology International, 42(5), 486–496.
- Vu, B. T., Van Heel, M., Finet, C., Cuyvers, B., Houbrechts, M., Hoang, T. D., ... & Bosmans, G. (2022). Comparing attachment across cultures, child gender, age, and parental gender: Vietnamese versus Belgian adolescents’ self-reported attachment anxiety and avoidance. Psychological Assessment, 34(9), 846.
- Walburg, V. (2014). Burnout among high school students: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 42, 28–33.
- Wei, X., Wang, R., & Macdonald, E. (2015). Exploring the relations between student cynicism and student burnout. Psychological Reports, 117(1), 103–115.
- Ye, Y., Zhang, Z., Tao, Z., Liping, C., Wang, Y., Chen, H., ... & Zhou, J. (2025). Academic pressure and psychological imbalance in high school students: Predictors of depression via polynomial regression and response surface analysis. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15–23.
