MULTILATERAL DEFENSE DIPLOMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION: VIETNAM’S PARTICIPATION IN UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (2014–2024)

Abstract

This article analyzes Vietnam’s defense diplomacy in the context of international integration through its participation in United Nations peacekeeping operations during the period 2014-2024. Empirical evidence demonstrates a substantial improvement in Vietnam’s ranking among contributing countries United Nations peacekeeping operations, advancing from 116/122 to 37/120. This progress is reflected in multiple individual deployments, the dispatch of six Level-2 field hospitals, and one engineering unit. The article argues that engagement in UN peacekeeping constitutes a representative form of multilateral defense diplomacy, reflecting the internationalization of Vietnam’s security and defense interests. Moreover, the transition from observer status to direct field deployment has both enhanced Vietnam’s position and reputation in multilateral defense forums, while creating opportunities for the country to internalize international norms and consolidate strategic trust with partners. The article demonstrates that participation in peacekeeping has become an essential component of Vietnam’s comprehensive strategy for international integration.